As travel costs fall with new capacity, the quantity of travel increases. This concept—induced travel—has profound implications but remains unevenly embraced in practice.
Ellen Oettinger White
Recent Publications
Comparing injuries from e-scooters, e-bikes, and bicycles in the United States
There is a growing perception that e-scooters are more dangerous than bicycles and e-bikes, with towns implementing measures to ban their usage. Yet, there is not much evidence from large scale surveys to substantiate this claim. Nearly 14,000 micromobility injuries...
Equal charging for all: Are there income-based disparities in public charging stations?
We compare charging station accessibility for different income groups in the San Francisco Bay Area. Using a microsimulation model, we estimate charging station accessibility under varying battery range scenarios, assuming different income groups have vehicles with...
New Jersey Micromobility Guide (2025)
The New Jersey Micromobility Guide serves as a resource for micromobility users across the state, collecting and summarizing the laws and safety best practices that can make riders safer. Micromobility, which includes e-bikes, e-scooters, and other low-speed devices,...
The deal breaker theory of cycling: A new approach to understanding bike behavior
Most locations across the world have a large un-tapped pool of people who do not bike at all and an even larger pool who do not bike for transportation. To increase cycling, we must better understand this group and the reasons they do not ride. I propose a new theory...